.. / sudo

sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy.

source: https://github.com/DominicBreuker/pspy

Privilege Escalation

Privilege escalation involved exploiting a bug, design flaw or misconfiguration to gain elevated access and perform unauthorized actions. For example, escalating from a restrictive shell as user www-data, to a session as root.